Item design

This is the landing page for everything related to the items used for measuring your constructs of interest.

They way your items are designed, from the questions you ask to the answer options you provide, will directly impact what and when you measure. It is therefore essential to carefully consider how you design your items and validate them to ensure they accurately and reliably capture the intended construct within the chosen timescale.

Below we have specified multiple articles where you can read more about designing your items.

Think more about item design

Read more: Question design

Your questions determine what construct you measure and over what period of time (e.g., ‘at the moment’ or ‘in the past hour’).

  • [Question design]
  • [Ecological momentary assessment vs ecological retrospective assessment]
  • [Time frame]
  • [Personalized items]
Read more: Answer design

There are various ways in which you can facilitate how participants respond to your questions.

  • [Answer option design]
  • [Anchoring for answer options]
  • [Measurement scales]
Read more: Potential consequences of item design

Item design may affect how participants respond.

Noémi K. Schuurman

Last modified: 2025-05-09