Where do I start?

MATILDA is structured in four main topics: Your study, Theory, Measurement, and Analysis (see the menu on the left). Each topic consists of multiple themes with their own landing page. On these landing pages, you can find articles related to the theme. All pages are listed below. If you are looking for a specific subject, you can select a category on the right or you can use the search bar to navigate to associated pages.

Researchers who are interested in contributing to MATILDA can find the guidelines on the submission process.

Autocorrelation

Autocorrelation
This article is about (partial) autocorrelations, which can be used to quantify temporal dependencies in your data. They are commonly visualized using the autocorrelation…
May 23, 2025
Ria H. A. Hoekstra

Autoregressive model

Model overview
Autoregression
This article focuses on the first-order autoregressive model (AR(1) model), and various extensions of this. The AR(1) model is one of the simplest, yet immensely popular…
May 23, 2025
Ellen L. Hamaker, Sophie W. Berkhout

 

Cases

Your study
Population
Cases
This article is about defining your cases of interest, that is, individual entities of a population from which you collect data for your study.
May 23, 2025
Sophie W. Berkhout

Common data types: Cross-sectional, time series, panel, and intensive longitudinal data

Ergodicity
Sampling design
Research goal
This article describes the difference between four broad categories of data types: Cross-sectional data, N=1 time series data, panel data, and N>1 intensive longitudinal…
May 23, 2025
Ellen L. Hamaker

 

Description, prediction, causation

Research question
Scientific goals
Description
Prediction
Causation
This article describes how research questions can be categorized as pertaining to one of three different scientific goals: Descriptive research, predictive research, or…
May 23, 2025
Jeroen D. Mulder

Ecological fallacy

Ergodicity
Ecological fallacy
This article explains what an ecological fallacy is, and why it is important to know about this in the context of ILD research.
May 23, 2025
Ellen L. Hamaker, Ria H. A. Hoekstra

Ergodicity in psychology

Ergodicity
Stationarity
Homogeneity
This article is about the concept ergodicity, and how this is relevant within the context of psychological research. Understanding what ergodicity is, and knowing what the…
May 23, 2025
Ellen L. Hamaker, Noémi K. Schuurman

Floor and ceiling effects

Theory
Measurement theory
Distributions
Item design
This article builds on Haqiqatkhah et al. (2024).
May 23, 2025
Mohammadhossein Manuel Haqiqatkhah

 

Homogeneity

Homogeneity
This article focuses on homogeneity of processes. A process is homogeneous, when its distributional characteristics—such as means, variances, autocorrelations, etc.—are…
May 23, 2025
Ria H. A. Hoekstra

Intra-individual versus inter-individual correlation

Ergodicity
Interindividual
Intraindividual
This article deals with the difference between the intra-individual and inter-individual correlation. These correlations are associated with different types of variation that…
Apr 23, 2025
Ellen L. Hamaker, Ria H. A. Hoekstra

 

Multiple timescales

Theory
Timescale
In this article it is explained how multiple timescales may play a role in the processes you are interested in. This is important to consider when setting up your study…
May 23, 2025
Ellen L. Hamaker, Sophie W. Berkhout

 

Occasions

Your study
Temporal lens
Occasions
This article is about the occasions—also referred to as time points—at which you measure the process you want to study. When setting up an ILD study, you have to make…
May 23, 2025
Sophie W. Berkhout

 

Regime switching processes

Theory
Ergodicity
Non-stationarity
Regime-switching
This article is about what it means when your process has sudden transitions between multiple regimes, and how to capture these.
May 23, 2025
Sophie W. Berkhout, Daan de Jong

A figure showing an example of the timing of the sleep and positive affect variables.

Relating constructs with different timescales

Theory
Timescale
Multivariate
Association
This article is about theoretical implications when you study multiple constructs that develop over time at differing timescales.
May 23, 2025
Sophie W. Berkhout

 

Reliability for single item measures

This article is about the reliability of single-item measures. Reliability refers to the consistency of measurements. When a construct does not vary, reliable measurements…
May 23, 2025
IJsbrand Leertouwer, Noémi Schuurman

 

Single item or multiple item measures

Measurement theory
Instrument design
Item design
Single item measures
Multiple item measures
Reliability
Content validity
Intra-individual vs inter-individual
This article considers several theoretical implications for deciding on using single or multiple items to measure a construct for your ILD study.
May 23, 2025
Noémi Katalin Schuurman

 

Stationarity

Ergodicity
Stationarity
Homogeneity
Stationarity is an important concept in the time series literature. When a process of a specific person is stationary, this implies that all the distributional…
May 23, 2025
Ellen L. Hamaker

Temporal design and its consequences

Substantive theory
Timescale
Granularity
Time span
Time interval
Number of measurements
Time frame
This article builds on Hamaker (2023).
May 23, 2025
Ellen L. Hamaker

 

The distinction between events and context

Substantive theory
Event-relations
Events
Event-contingent
Context
This article is about the distinction between events and context, and why it is essential to consider this distinction in your study based on intensive longitudinal data (ILD…
May 23, 2025
Pia K. Andresen

Types of variation

Theory
Distribution
Variation
Variance
Analysis
Descriptive Statistics
This article builds on Schuurman (2023)
May 23, 2025
Noémi Katalin Schuurman
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